Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *KAča-, *KAča-gu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to chisel, chisel

Russian meaning: долото, зубило, работать зубилом

Tatar: qaʒau (Sib.)

Kazakh: qaša-, qašau

Bashkir: qasau

Comments: VEWT 217.

Proto-Turkic: *KAč-(g)ač

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: Chinese brocade, woven fabric

Russian meaning: китайская парча, узорная ткань

Karakhanid: qačač (MK)

Comments: EDT 590.

Proto-Turkic: *Kad

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wind, whirlwind

Russian meaning: ветер, вихрь

Karakhanid: qaδ (MK)

Turkish: kaj 'rainy weather'

Middle Turkic: qaj (AH, Pav. C., Abush.)

Turkmen: Gaj

Khakassian: xas

Yakut: xatā- 'to be cold in spring'

Tuva: xat, xadɨ- 'to be frozen',

Tofalar: qat

Kirghiz: qajɨ- 'to be frozen'

Comments: EDT 593, ЭСТЯ 5, 193-194, Лексика 46. Borrowing < Sam. *kacu 'whirlwind' is hardly credible, despite Helimski 1995.

Proto-Turkic: *Kadgu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sorrow

Russian meaning: печаль

Old Turkic: qadɣu (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qaδɣu (MK, KB)

Turkish: kajɣɨ

Tatar: qajɣɨ

Middle Turkic: qajɣɨ (Qutb., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: qɛjɣɨ (dial.)

Azerbaidzhan: Gajɣɨ

Turkmen: GajGɨ

Chuvash: xojɣa

Kirghiz: qajɣɨ

Kazakh: qajɣɨ

Noghai: qajɣɨ

Bashkir: qajɣɨ

Karaim: qajɣɨ

Karakalpak: qajɣɨ

Kumyk: qajɣɨ

Comments: VEWT 217, ЭСТЯ 5, 201-203, Федотов 2, 352-353.

Proto-Turkic: *Kạdɨ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: pine tree

Russian meaning: сосна

Khakassian: xara-xazɨ

Chuvash: xɨrъ

Yakut: kɨtɨan 'juniper'

Tuva: xadɨ

Tofalar: xadɨ

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 291-292, Мудрак Дисс. 179. Most languages reflect the compound *Kara-kạdɨ (borrowed in Mong. as qaraɣai 'larch').

Proto-Turkic: *KAdɨk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wooden trough

Russian meaning: выдолбленная из дерева колода

Karakhanid: qaδɨq (MK: Argu)

Comments: EDT 597. The form, although isolated, is clearly different from *K(i)aj-guk (v. sub *gằjá), attested both in Old Turkic and modern languages.

Proto-Turkic: *Kadɨŋ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: birch tree

Russian meaning: береза

Karakhanid: qaδɨŋ (MK), qajɨŋ (KB)

Turkish: kajɨn 'beech tree'

Tatar: qajɨn

Middle Turkic: qajɨn (Houts.)

Uzbek: qɛjin

Uighur: qejin

Azerbaidzhan: Gajɨn 'maple tree'

Turkmen: Gajɨŋ

Khakassian: xazɨŋ

Shor: qazɨŋ

Oyrat: qajɨŋ

Chuvash: xorъn

Yakut: xatɨŋ

Dolgan: katɨŋ

Tuva: xadɨŋ

Tofalar: qadɨŋ

Kirghiz: qajɨŋ

Kazakh: qajɨŋ

Noghai: qajɨŋ

Bashkir: qajɨn

Karakalpak: qajɨŋ

Comments: VEWT 218, TMN 3, 183, ЭСТЯ 5, 214-215, Лексика 122, Федотов 2, 366, Stachowski 141.

Proto-Turkic: *Kadɨr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hard, strong, cruel

Russian meaning: крепкий, сильный, жестокий

Old Turkic: qadɨr (Orkh., OUygh.)

Khakassian: xazɨr

Shor: qazɨr

Oyrat: qajɨr

Yakut: xatārɨj- 'вымещать мстительность, неприязнь, злопамятствовать'

Tuva: Todzh. xadɨr

Kirghiz: qajɨr 'contradiction, objection'

Bashkir: qajɨr (dial.)

Balkar: qajɨr 'angry'

Comments: VEWT 218, TMN 3, 378-379, ЭСТЯ 5, 216.

Proto-Turkic: *KAdɨr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to twist, turn, bend

Russian meaning: поворачивать, гнуть, крутить

Old Turkic: qadar- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qaδɨr- (MK), qadɨr- (MK, KB)

Turkish: dial. gajɨr-

Tatar: qajɨr-

Middle Turkic: qajɨr- (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: qɛjir-

Uighur: qari-, qajrɛ-

Azerbaidzhan: Gajɨr-

Turkmen: Gajɨr-

Khakassian: xazɨr-

Oyrat: qajɨr-

Chuvash: xajъr- < Tat.

Kirghiz: qajɨr-

Kazakh: qajɨr-

Noghai: qajɨr-

Bashkir: qajɨr-

Gagauz: qajɨr-

Karaim: qajɨr-

Karakalpak: qajɨr-

Comments: EDT 604, ЭСТЯ 5, 195-197.

Proto-Turkic: *KAdu-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to stick in 2 sting 3 to sew

Russian meaning: 1 втыкать 2 жало 3 сшивать строчкой, оторачивать, вышивать

Karakhanid: qaδu- (MK) 3

Tatar: qajɨ- 3, Sib. qajal- 'to be piqued'

Turkmen: Gaja- 3

Khakassian: xaza- 1

Kirghiz: qajɨ- 1

Kazakh: qajɨ- 3

Noghai: qajɨ- 3

Bashkir: qaj- 3, qajaw 2

Karakalpak: qajɨ- 3

Kumyk: qajɨ- 3

Comments: EDT 596, ЭСТЯ 5, 180-181. The root should be distinguished from *Kāta- 'to stick in, nail' (v. sub *kā́jta).

Proto-Turkic: *KAgur

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: doll

Russian meaning: кукла

Karakhanid: qoδurčuq (MK)

Turkish: dial. kurčak

Tatar: qurčaq

Middle Turkic: qawurčaq (Бор. Бад., Pav. C.), qavur (R)

Uzbek: qụɣirčɔq

Uighur: qo(r)čaq, dial. qoɣurčaq

Turkmen: Gurǯaq

Kirghiz: qūrčaq

Kazakh: quwɨršaq

Noghai: quwɨršaq

Bashkir: qursaq

Karakalpak: quwɨršaq

Kumyk: qurčaq

Comments: VEWT 220, EDT 587, 606, ЭСТЯ 6, 161-163. Modern reflexes point quite clearly to *-g- (less probably - *-b-), so the attested form with -δ- must be a phonetic aberration. Interference with OT qoduz 'femme s{eu}le' (suggested in Tekin 1969 and ЭСТЯ ibid.) is not excluded, but cf. also the notes below.

Proto-Turkic: *KAgur-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to roast, fry

Russian meaning: жарить

Karakhanid: qaɣur-, qoɣur-, qovur- (MK)

Turkish: kavur-

Tatar: quwɨr-

Middle Turkic: qavur- (Houts., Pav. C., MA)

Uzbek: qɔwur-, dial. qɔɣur-

Uighur: qoru-

Azerbaidzhan: Govur-

Turkmen: Govur-, Gavɨr- (А-Б)

Khakassian: xōr-

Shor: qōr-

Oyrat: kūr-

Tuva: xōr-

Kirghiz: kūr(u)-

Kazakh: quwɨr-

Noghai: quwɨr-

Bashkir: quwɨr-, dial. qɨwɨr-

Gagauz: qa'ur-

Karaim: qavur-

Karakalpak: quwɨr-

Comments: VEWT 220, ЭСТЯ 5, 175-177.

Proto-Turkic: *KAj-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to turn back 2 to show respect 3 to squint; to move to smb.'s side 4 to run towards 5 to go past, around

Russian meaning: 1 оборачиваться 2 выказывать уважение 3 косить глазами; переходить на чью-л. сторону 4 бежать к 5 обойти, пройти мимо

Old Turkic: qaj- (OUygh.) 2

Karakhanid: qaj- (MK) 1, 2

Turkish: kaj- 3

Sary-Yughur: qajla- 4

Khakassian: xaj- 2

Oyrat: qaj- (R) 2

Tuva: xaj- 5

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5 208-209, EDT 674. Stachowski 137 adds Yak. xaj̃ɨs-, Dolg. kańɨs- '(to turn and) look around', which would change the reconstruction to *KAń-; however, there are no other traces of a nasal in the root, and the comparison looks somewhat dubious.

Proto-Turkic: *KAj

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 shaman spirit 2 throat singing

Russian meaning: 1 шаманский дух 2 горловое пение

Sary-Yughur: qaj 1

Khakassian: xaj 2

Shor: qajla- 2

Oyrat: qajla- 2

Chuvash: > Mari xoj 'Gespräch'

Comments: VEWT 221. If the original meaning is 'air movement' (cf. the external evidence), cf. also Chuv. kü 'strong odour'.

Proto-Turkic: *Kaj-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to pay respect

Russian meaning: относиться уважительно

Old Turkic: qaj- (Yenis., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qaj- (MK)

Turkish: kajɨr-

Khakassian: xaj-

Tuva: xaj dēr 'to still, pacify'

Kirghiz: qajɨš-

Kazakh: qajɨs-

Comments: EDT 674, ЭСТЯ 5, 194.

Proto-Turkic: *Kạjɨn-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to boil (Intr.)

Russian meaning: вариться

Old Turkic: qajɨn- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qajna- (MK, KB)

Turkish: kajna-

Tatar: qajna-

Middle Turkic: qajna- (Qutb., IM)

Uzbek: qɛjnɛ-

Uighur: qajna-

Azerbaidzhan: Gajna-

Turkmen: Gajna-

Khakassian: xajna-

Oyrat: qajna-

Yakut: kɨ̄j- (kɨńńɨ-)

Dolgan: kɨjnar-, kɨ̄jnar- (trans.)

Tuva: xajɨn-

Tofalar: xēin-

Kirghiz: qajna-

Kazakh: qajna-

Noghai: qajna-

Bashkir: qajna-

Gagauz: qajna-

Karakalpak: qajna-

Comments: VEWT 222, ЭСТЯ 5, 203-205, Stachowski 168, 171.

Proto-Turkic: *Kạjɨr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 salt steppe 2 sandbank 3 gravel 4 sand

Russian meaning: 1 солончак 2 песчаный берег 3 гравий 4 песок

Karakhanid: qajɨr 1, 4 (MK Oghuz)

Turkish: kajɨr 2

Middle Turkic: (OKypch.) qajɨr (Houts. 94, AH 74)

Uzbek: dial. qɛjir 3

Turkmen: dial. Gajɨr 3, 4

Chuvash: xъjъr 4

Yakut: xajɨr tās 3

Tuva: xajɨr 1

Kazakh: qajɨr 2

Noghai: qajɨr 4

Karakalpak: qajɨr 2

Kumyk: qajɨr 3

Comments: VEWT 221-222, EDT 678, ЭСТЯ 5, 206, 217, Лексика 97. Turk. > WMong. qajir, Kalm. xǟr (KW 180).

Proto-Turkic: *KAjɨr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: castoreum, the odorous secretion of the beaver

Russian meaning: мускус, пахучие выделения бобра

Old Turkic: qajɨr (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qunduz qajɨrɨ (MK)

Tatar: Sib. qajɨr

Middle Turkic: qajɨr (Sangl.)

Khakassian: xajɨr

Shor: qajɨr

Comments: VEWT 222, EDT 678-679.

Proto-Turkic: *Kajɨra-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to whet, sharpen 2 to rub teeth

Russian meaning: 1 точить, заострять 2 тереть зубами

Turkish: kajra- (dial.)

Tatar: qajra- 2

Uzbek: qajra- 2

Uighur: qɛjrɛ- 2

Turkmen: Gajra- 1

Khakassian: xajɨra- 1

Oyrat: qaira- 2

Chuvash: xъjra- 2 (Anatri)

Kirghiz: qajra- 2

Kazakh: qajra- 2

Noghai: qajra- 2

Bashkir: qajra- 2

Karakalpak: qajra- 2

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 205. The Turk. derivative *kajɨrak 'whetstone' > Mong. qajiraɣ, see TMN 3, 568-569. Cf. also Kaz., Tat. qajau 'notch', Tur. qajaɣan 'whetstone' (R 2, 90) and Yak. xajgɨa, xojguo 'notch'; Yak. xaja, Dolg. kaja '(to tear) apart', Yak. xajɨt- 'to break, tear apart', Dolg. kajɨt- id., kajɨn- (itr.) (see Stachowski 133, 134, 135).

Proto-Turkic: *KAk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: dry

Russian meaning: сухой

Karakhanid: qaq (MK)

Turkish: dial. kak, kah

Tatar: qaq

Middle Turkic: qaq (Sangl., Abush.)

Uzbek: qɔq

Uighur: qaq

Azerbaidzhan: Gax

Turkmen: qaq

Oyrat: qaq

Kirghiz: qaq

Kazakh: qaq

Noghai: qaq

Bashkir: qaq

Karakalpak: qaq

Kumyk: qaq

Comments: VEWT 223, ЭСТЯ 5, 218-220, EDT 608.